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Some of the historical Classical Arabic etymological and linguistic references used in this research:
- Lisān al-ʿArab. Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram (1232-1311 CE).
- Muʻjam maqāyīs al-lughah. Aḥmad Ibn Fāris al-Qazwīnī. 10th century.
- al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Majd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb al-Fīrūzābābī (1329-1414 CE).
- al-Ṣaḥḥāh fī al-Lughah. Ismāʻīl ibn Ḥammād Jawharī (d. 1003 CE).
- al-ʻUbāb al-zakhir. al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṣaghānī (1181-1252 CE).
- Fahāris Muʻjam tahdhīb al-lughah. Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Azharī (895-980 CE)
- Gharīb al-ḥadīth. Abū ʻUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (ca. 773-837 CE)
- al-Gharīb al-muṣannaf. Abū ʻUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (ca. 773-837 CE)
- Ḥawāshī ibn Barrī wa-Ibn Ẓafar ʻalá Durrat al-ghawwāṣ fī awhām al-khawāṣṣ lil-Ḥarīrī (1054-1122 CE). ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Barrī (1106-1187 CE) and Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Ẓafar (1104-1169 CE)
- Iṣlāḥ al-manṭiq. Yaʿqūb bin Isḥāq Ibn al-Sikkīt (d. 857)
- Jamharat al-lughah. Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn Durayd (837-933 CE)
- Kitāb al-ʻAyn. Khalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī (718-786 CE)
- al-Muḥkam wa-al-muḥīṭ al-aʻẓam. ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl Ibn Sīdah (1007-1066 CE)
- al-Nihāyah fī gharīb al-ḥadīth wa-al-athar. Majd al-Dīn al-Mubārak ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Athīr (1149-1209 CE)
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